Investigation of laser irradiation power and beam angle on Ni-Cr metals in improving shear-bond strength of adhesive bridge
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Abstract
Background: Laser irradiation has been widely utilized in the modification of material surfaces by altering their microstructure and topography, however, the effect of irradiation parameters such as power output and beam angle to bonding performance of metallic substrates remain insufficiently understood, especially for Ni-Cr metals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diode laser power in different beam angles on the surface of Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) metals to improve bonding strength of adhesive bridge. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six cylindrical Ni-Cr metals, with a thickness of 2.0-3.0 mm, and 36 post-extraction maxillary premolars were divided into 6 groups (n=6). A diode laser irradiation was performed on metal samples with beam-angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° and powers of 2.0 watts and 4.0 watts. Teeth were then cemented into metal samples using resin cement. After treatment, shear-bond strength (SB-Strength) testing was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Meanwhile, the samples also were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Data were analyzed using a T-test, ANOVA test, and LSD test. Results: A significant SB-strength was found in 30° for 2.0 watt and 90° for 4.0 watt respectively 4.48±1.97 MPa and 5.27±2.50 MPa. Morphological analysis suggested that 30° allows more uniform surface roughness, while 90°allows similar patterns but with higher depth. Conclusion: These results provide practical guidance for clinicians by indicating that perpendicular laser irradiation (90°) at controlled power settings may improve bonding reliability in adhesive bridge procedures involving Ni–Cr frameworks
Received date: 10-03-2026
Accepted date: 10-05-2026
Published date: 15-06-2026
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