Evaluation of leukocytes cells types counts in blood from patients with different severities of periodontal diseases
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders caused by the accumulation of oral biofilm and the host response to this accumulation which characterized by exaggerated leukocytes and neutrophils attraction to the sites of inflammation by chemoattractants which are a very important part of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to determine and compare the clinical periodontal parameters and the leukocyte cell types in the peripheral blood between patients with gingivitis and periodontitis with different severities compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: This study included 150 male subjects aged between 35-50 years. They were divided into three groups: gingivitis group (n=30), periodontitis patients (n=90) which subdivided into Mild =30 patients, Moderate =30 patients, Severe =30 patients and a control group (n=30) with clinically healthy periodontium. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded ((plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Blood samples were collected then an automated blood analyzer evaluated leukocyte cell types. Results: Significant differences in The counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes exhibited significant differences among the study groups and subgroups. On contrary, differences in monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils counts were not significant. Additionally, severity of periosontitis was significantly correlated with the mean counts of the various leukocyte cell types; however, clinical periodontal characteristics did not show such correlation with these inflammatory cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that periodontal disease with different severities is associated with possible episodes of bacteremia that originate from periodontal lesions which mediate inflammatory conditions that in turn causing changes in the systemic markers especially leukocytes cells types.
Received date: 15-03-2022
Accepted date: 04-05-2022
Published date: 15-06-2023
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licenses and Copyright
The following policy applies in The Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry (JBCD):
# JBCD applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to articles and other works we publish. If you submit your paper for publication by JBCD, you agree to have the CC BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you as the author agree that anyone can reuse your article in whole or part for any purpose, for free, even for commercial purposes. Anyone may copy, distribute, or reuse the content as long as the author and original source are properly cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that JBCD content can be mined without barriers for the needs of research.
# If your manuscript contains content such as photos, images, figures, tables, audio files, videos, etc., that you or your co-authors do not own, we will require you to provide us with proof that the owner of that content (a) has given you written permission to use it, and (b) has approved of the CC BY license being applied to their content. We provide a form you can use to ask for and obtain permission from the owner. If you do not have owner permission, we will ask you to remove that content and/or replace it with other content that you own or have such permission to use.Don't assume that you can use any content you find on the Internet, or that the content is fair game just because it isn't clear who the owner is or what license applies.
# Many authors assume that if they previously published a paper through another publisher, they own the rights to that content and they can freely use that content in their paper, but that’s not necessarily the case, it depends on the license that covers the other paper. Some publishers allow free and unrestricted re-use of article content they own, such as under the CC BY license. Other publishers use licenses that allow re-use only if the same license is applied by the person or publisher re-using the content. If the paper was published under a CC BY license or another license that allows free and unrestricted use, you may use the content in your JBCD paper provided that you give proper attribution, as explained above.If the content was published under a more restrictive license, you must ascertain what rights you have under that license. At a minimum, review the license to make sure you can use the content. Contact that JBCD if you have any questions about the license. If the license does not permit you to use the content in a paper that will be covered by an unrestricted license, you must obtain written permission from the publisher to use the content in your JBCD paper. Please do not include any content in your JBCD paper which you do not have rights to use, and always give proper attribution.
# If any relevant accompanying data is submitted to repositories with stated licensing policies, the policies should not be more restrictive than CC BY.
# JBCD reserves the right to remove any photos, captures, images, figures, tables, illustrations, audio and video files, and the like, from any paper, whether before or after publication, if we have reason to believe that the content was included in your paper without permission from the owner of the content.
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Patil R. Evaluation of haematological changes in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis in comparison to healthy controls – A clinical study. J Dent Allied Sci 2013;2(2):49-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-4696.159283
Loos BG, Craandijk J, Hoek FJ, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Van der Velden U. Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2000;71: 1528-1534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.10.1528
Loos, B. G., Roos, M. T. L., Schellekens, P. T. Auy., van der Velden, U. &Miedema, F. Lymphocyte numbers and function in relation to periodontitis and smoking. Journal of Periodontology 2004; 75: 557–564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.4.557
Pejcic A, Kesic L, Pesic Z, Mirkovic D, Stojanovic M. White blood cell count in different stages of chronic periodontitis. ActaClin Croat 2011; 50:159‑67.
American Academy of Periodontology. Parameter on chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2000;71:853-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-S.853
Lang, N., Bartold, P.M., Cullinan, M., Jeffcoat, M., Mombelli, A., Murakami, S., etal. International classification workshop. Consensus report: Chronic periodontitis. Annals of periodontology 1999; 4:53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.53
Lӧe H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index & the Retention Index System. J.Periodontol. 1967; 38: 610- 616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610
Silness J , Lӧe H. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy ΙΙ. ActaOdontol Scand.1964; 24: 747-759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356609028739
Carranza, Newman, Takei &Klokkevold. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology, 12thEdition, 2015. Elsevier, Saunders.
World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Princples for medical Research Invoving Human Subjects". JAMA 2013 ;20: 2191-2194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
MuppallaCh, Theyagarajan R, Ari G , Mahendra J. Evaluation of systemic markers related to anemia in peripheral blood of patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis a comparative study. Int J Cur Res Rev 2016; 8(9):59-63.
Nibali L, D'Aiuto F, Griffiths G, Patel K, Suvan J, Tonetti MS. Severe periodontitis is associated with systemic inflammation and a dysmetabolic status: a case-control study. J ClinPeriodontol 2007; 34(11): 931-937. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01133.x
Sanatosh HN, David CH, Kumar H, Sanjay CJ , Bose A. Chronic periodontitis and anaemia of chronic disease: an observational study. Arch OrofacSci 2015 ;10(2):57-64.
Kalsi DS. Sood A, Mundi S, Sharma V. Effect of scaling and root planning on blood counts in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Indian J Dent Sci 2017;9: 109-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJDS.IJDS_1_17
Loos BG. Systemic markers of inflammation in periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2005; 76:2106–2115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2106
Kowolik MJ, Dowsett SA, Rodriguez J, De La Rosa RM, Eckert GJ. Systemic neutrophil response resulting from dental plaque accumulation. J Periodontol 2001; 72:146‑51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2001.72.2.146
Fokkema SJ, Loos BG, van der Velden U. Monocyte-derived RANTES is intrinsically elevated in periodontal disease while MCP-1 levels are related to inflammation and are inversely correlated with IL-12 levels. Clin ExpImmunol 2003; 131(3): 477-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02070.x
Cekici A. Kantarci A. Hasturk H. , Van Dyke T. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2014; 64(1): 57–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12002
Stuart Ira Fox. Human phisology, Fourtheenth Edition 2016.
Agarwal N, Kumar VS, Gujjari SA. Effect of periodontal therapy on hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in chronic generalized periodontitis patients: An interventional study. J Indian SocPeriodontol 2009; 13(1): 6-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.51887
Nair S, Faizuddin M , Jayanthi D. Anemia and Periodontitis: An Enigma.IOSR journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2013;11(4):71-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1147178
Rudin SR, Laboratory tests and their significance, in: Walter H (Eds.), Critical Decisions in Periodontology, PMPH USA, London, 2013: 4-6.