Clinicopathological assessment of chronic hyperplastic candidasis
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis is the least common type of oral candidiasis. The diagnosis, long-term treatment, and prognosis of this potentially malignant oral condition are still currently unclear. Objective: the aim of this study is to analyze the demographic features and clinical characteristics of oral chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on blocks and case sheets of patients who were diagnosed with chronic hyperplastic candidiasis in the archives of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: twenty-one cases with chronic hyperplastic candidiasis were collected and reviewed. Buccal mucosa was the most affected sites. Regarding the clinical features, lesions color frequently presented as white plaque. Regarding clinical diagnosis, leukoplakia was noted the highest one among other previous diagnosis. Conclusions: Older adults are the mostly affected age group by chronic hyperplastic candidiasis with slight male predilection. White plaque is the most presented clinical feature with buccal mucosa being the most affected oral site.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licenses and Copyright
The following policy applies in The Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry (JBCD):
# JBCD applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to articles and other works we publish. If you submit your paper for publication by JBCD, you agree to have the CC BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you as the author agree that anyone can reuse your article in whole or part for any purpose, for free, even for commercial purposes. Anyone may copy, distribute, or reuse the content as long as the author and original source are properly cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that JBCD content can be mined without barriers for the needs of research.
# If your manuscript contains content such as photos, images, figures, tables, audio files, videos, etc., that you or your co-authors do not own, we will require you to provide us with proof that the owner of that content (a) has given you written permission to use it, and (b) has approved of the CC BY license being applied to their content. We provide a form you can use to ask for and obtain permission from the owner. If you do not have owner permission, we will ask you to remove that content and/or replace it with other content that you own or have such permission to use.Don't assume that you can use any content you find on the Internet, or that the content is fair game just because it isn't clear who the owner is or what license applies.
# Many authors assume that if they previously published a paper through another publisher, they own the rights to that content and they can freely use that content in their paper, but that’s not necessarily the case, it depends on the license that covers the other paper. Some publishers allow free and unrestricted re-use of article content they own, such as under the CC BY license. Other publishers use licenses that allow re-use only if the same license is applied by the person or publisher re-using the content. If the paper was published under a CC BY license or another license that allows free and unrestricted use, you may use the content in your JBCD paper provided that you give proper attribution, as explained above.If the content was published under a more restrictive license, you must ascertain what rights you have under that license. At a minimum, review the license to make sure you can use the content. Contact that JBCD if you have any questions about the license. If the license does not permit you to use the content in a paper that will be covered by an unrestricted license, you must obtain written permission from the publisher to use the content in your JBCD paper. Please do not include any content in your JBCD paper which you do not have rights to use, and always give proper attribution.
# If any relevant accompanying data is submitted to repositories with stated licensing policies, the policies should not be more restrictive than CC BY.
# JBCD reserves the right to remove any photos, captures, images, figures, tables, illustrations, audio and video files, and the like, from any paper, whether before or after publication, if we have reason to believe that the content was included in your paper without permission from the owner of the content.
How to Cite
References
Krishnan, P. A. (2012). Fungal infections of the oral mucosa. Indian journal of dental research, 23(5), 650.
Hellstein, J. W., and Marek, C. L. (2019). Candidiasis: red and white manifestations in the oral cavity. Head and neck Pathology, 13(1), 25-32
Hu, L., Zhou, P., Zhao, W., Hua, H., & Yan, Z. (2020). Fluorescence staining vs. routine KOH smear for rapid diagnosis of oral candidiasis—A diagnostic test. Oral diseases, 26(5), 941-947.
Shah, N., Ray, J. G., Kundu, S., & Sardana, D. (2017). Surgical management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis refractory to systemic antifungal treatment. Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 9(02), 136-139.
Telles, D. R., Karki, N., & Marshall, M. W. (2017). Oral fungal infections: diagnosis and management. Dental Clinics, 61(2), 319-349.
Sitheeque, M., & Samaranayake, L. (2003). Chronic hyperplastic candidosis/candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia). Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 14(4), 253-267.
Bartie, K. L., Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Potts, A. J. C., & Lewis, M. A. O. (2004). Differential invasion of Candida albicans isolates in an in vitro model of oral candidosis. Oral microbiology and immunology, 19(5), 293-296.
Holmstrup, P., Vedtofte, P., Reibel, J., & Stoltze, K. (2006). Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions. Oral oncology, 42(5), 461-474.
Akpan, A., & Morgan, R. (2002). Oral candidiasis. Postgraduate medical journal, 78(922), 455-459.
Sharma, A. (2019). Oral candidiasis: An opportunistic infection: A review. Int J Applied Dent Sci, 5(1), 23-27
Kim, J., and Sudbery, P. (2011). Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. The Journal of Microbiology, 49(2), 171-177
Lott, T. J., Fundyga, R. E., Kuykendall, R. J., and Arnold, J. (2005). The human commensal yeast, Candida albicans, has an ancient origin. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 42(5), 444-451
Oliver, D. t., & Shillitoe, E. (1984). Effects of smoking on the prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 13(3), 265¬270.
Warnakulasuriya, S., Johnson, N. W., & Van der Waal, I. (2007). Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. Journal of oral pathology & medicine, 36(10), 575-580.
Warnakulasuriya, S., & Ariyawardana, A. (2016). Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 45(3