Salivary irisin in relation to recurrent aphthous ulcerand weight status in Diyala city/Iraq
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis remains the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa that exists as painfull round shallow ulcers with a well-defined erythematous margin and a yellowish grey pseudomembranous centre. Salivary irisin is an identified adipomyokine and research has revealed that it has an anti-inflammatory effect and is a novel myokine; it is synthesized in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation of salivary irisin to recurrent aphthous ulcers and weight status in Diyala City / Iraq. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out during the period from the end of December (2021) until the end of March (2022). The total sample size composed of all patients attending a specialised dental center in Ba’aquba / Diyala governorate with recurrent aphthous ulcers of both gender and ages ranged from 20-30 years (100 patients consider the study group) assessed according to the directions suggested by the WHO (1997) and compared to the control group free from this lesion (100 patients consider the control group) matching in age and sex. The weight status was assessed using the digital weight scale. The sub samples of 45 from each study and the control group were selected to analyse salivary irisin. The description of data, presentation, and analysis process is carried out through the use of the SPSS package (SPSS version 22, Chicago, Illinois, USA). For the quantitative variable mean, the standard deviation (SD) was used. Frequency and percentage are used for the qualitative variable. The independent sample T test was used for the difference between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation was used for the linear correlation between two quantitative variables. Results: The highest percentage of recurrent aphthous ulcer was found in the lower lip. The mean value of irisin was higher among the study group than in the control group. The mean value of the body mass index among the control group was higher than that of the study group. When correlating the body mass index with salivary irisin, it is a positive weak not significant correlation. Conclusions: This study concluded that there is an elevated level of irisin among recurrent aphthous ulcers, in addition to that, the recurrent aphthous ulcer decreases the body mass index.
Received date: 03-05-2022
Accepted date: 20-06-2022
Published date: 15-03-2024
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licenses and Copyright
The following policy applies in The Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry (JBCD):
# JBCD applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to articles and other works we publish. If you submit your paper for publication by JBCD, you agree to have the CC BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you as the author agree that anyone can reuse your article in whole or part for any purpose, for free, even for commercial purposes. Anyone may copy, distribute, or reuse the content as long as the author and original source are properly cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that JBCD content can be mined without barriers for the needs of research.
# If your manuscript contains content such as photos, images, figures, tables, audio files, videos, etc., that you or your co-authors do not own, we will require you to provide us with proof that the owner of that content (a) has given you written permission to use it, and (b) has approved of the CC BY license being applied to their content. We provide a form you can use to ask for and obtain permission from the owner. If you do not have owner permission, we will ask you to remove that content and/or replace it with other content that you own or have such permission to use.Don't assume that you can use any content you find on the Internet, or that the content is fair game just because it isn't clear who the owner is or what license applies.
# Many authors assume that if they previously published a paper through another publisher, they own the rights to that content and they can freely use that content in their paper, but that’s not necessarily the case, it depends on the license that covers the other paper. Some publishers allow free and unrestricted re-use of article content they own, such as under the CC BY license. Other publishers use licenses that allow re-use only if the same license is applied by the person or publisher re-using the content. If the paper was published under a CC BY license or another license that allows free and unrestricted use, you may use the content in your JBCD paper provided that you give proper attribution, as explained above.If the content was published under a more restrictive license, you must ascertain what rights you have under that license. At a minimum, review the license to make sure you can use the content. Contact that JBCD if you have any questions about the license. If the license does not permit you to use the content in a paper that will be covered by an unrestricted license, you must obtain written permission from the publisher to use the content in your JBCD paper. Please do not include any content in your JBCD paper which you do not have rights to use, and always give proper attribution.
# If any relevant accompanying data is submitted to repositories with stated licensing policies, the policies should not be more restrictive than CC BY.
# JBCD reserves the right to remove any photos, captures, images, figures, tables, illustrations, audio and video files, and the like, from any paper, whether before or after publication, if we have reason to believe that the content was included in your paper without permission from the owner of the content.
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Akintoye SO, Greenberg MS. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dent Clin North Am. 2014;58(2):281-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.002
Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, Porter SR. Mucosal disease series. Number VI. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis. 2006;12(1):1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01143.x
Edgar NR, Saleh D, Miller RA. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017; 10(3):26-36.
Douglas C. Treaty of applied physiology speech therapy. São Paulo: Robe Editorial. 2002.
Dodds MW, Johnson DA, Yeh CK. Health benefits of saliva: a review. J Dent. 2005;33(3):223-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2004.10.009
Altay DU, Korkmaz M, Ergun S, Korkmaz H, Noyan T. Salivary irisin: potential inflammatory biomarker in recurrent apthous stomatitis patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(5):2252-2259.
Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012;481(7382):463-468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777
Arhire LI, Mihalache L, Covasa M. Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019; 10:524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00524
Roca-Rivada A, Castelao C, Senin LL, Landrove MO, Baltar J, Crujeiras AB, et al. FNDC5/irisin is not only a myokine but also an adipokine. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e60563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060563
Bilski J, Mazur-Bialy AI, Brzozowski B, Magierowski M, Jasnos K, Krzysiek-Maczka G, Urbanczyk K, et al. Moderate exercise training attenuates the severity of experimental rodent colitis: the importance of crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Mediators Inflamm. 2015; 2015:605071. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/605071
Bakal U, Aydin S, Sarac M, Kuloglu T, Kalayci M, Artas G, et al. Serum, Saliva, and Urine Irisin with and Without Acute Appendicitis and Abdominal Pain. Biochem Insights. 2016;9:11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4137/BCI.S39671
Askari H, Rajani SF, Poorebrahim M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Abdollahi M. A glance at the therapeutic potential of irisin against diseases involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis: An introductory review. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:44-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.012
Mazur-Bialy AI, Pocheć E, Zarawski M. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irisin, Mediator of Physical Activity, Are Connected with TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(4):701. Published 2017 Mar 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040701
Shahidi S, Hejazi J, Moghimi M, Borji S, Zabihian S, Fathi M. Circulating Irisin Levels and Redox Status Markers in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2020; 21(10):2847-2851. Published 2020 Oct 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.10.2847
Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1995; 854:1-452.
Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, Schneider BE, et al. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise. Metabolism. 2012;61(12):1725-1738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.002
Liu JJ, Wong MD, Toy WC, Tan CS, Liu S, Ng XW, et al. Lower circulating irisin is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2013; 27(4):365-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.03.002
Stengel A, Hofmann T, Goebel-Stengel M, Elbelt U, Kobelt P, Klapp BF. Circulating levels of irisin in patients with anorexia nervosa and different stages of obesity--correlation with body mass index. Peptides. 2013; 39:125-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.014
Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega F, Serrano M, Guerra E, Pardo G, Tinahones F, et al. Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 98(4):E769-E778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2749
Choi YK, Kim MK, Bae KH, Seo HA, Jeong JY, Lee WK, et al. Serum irisin levels in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013; 100(1):96-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.007
Schooling CM, Lam TH, Li ZB, Ho SY, Chan WM, Ho KS, et al. Obesity, physical activity, and mortality in a prospective chinese elderly cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(14):1498-1504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.14.1498
Kahn HS, Bullard KM, Barker LE, Imperatore G. Differences between adiposity indicators for predicting all-cause mortality in a representative sample of United States non-elderly adults. PLoS One. 2012; 7(11):e50428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050428
Munro CL, Grap MJ, Jablonski R, Boyle A. Oral health measurement in nursing research: state of the science. Biol Res Nurs. 2006; 8(1):35-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800406289343
Schipper RG, Silletti E, Vingerhoeds MH. Saliva as research material: biochemical, physicochemical and practical aspects. Arch Oral Biol. 2007; 52(12):1114-1135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.06.009
Organization WH, Oral health surveys-Basic methods, 4th edition, Geneva, 1997.
Organization WH, The management of nutrition in major emergencies, Geneva, 2000.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Growth Chart, United States, National Center for Health Statistic in collaboration with National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2000.
Queiroz SIML, Silva MVAD, Medeiros AMC, Oliveira PT, Gurgel BCV, Silveira ÉJDD. Recurrent aphthous ulceration: an epidemiological study of etiological factors, treatment and differential diagnosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2018; 93(3):341-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186228
Chattopadhyay A, Chatterjee S. Risk indicators for recurrent aphthous ulcers among adults in the US. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007; 35(2):152-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00329.x
Oyetola EO, Mogaji IK, Agho TO, Ayilara OA. Pattern of Presentation of Oral Ulcerations in Patients Attending an Oral Medicine Clinic in Nigeria. Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2018;16(1):9-11.
Safadi RA. Prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulceration in Jordanian dental patients. BMC Oral Health. 2009; 9:31. Published 2009 Nov 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-9-31